{"id":112,"date":"2018-06-12T17:16:57","date_gmt":"2018-06-12T15:16:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stepsahead.at\/en\/?page_id=112"},"modified":"2024-06-22T08:14:37","modified_gmt":"2024-06-22T06:14:37","slug":"introduction","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/stepsahead.at\/en\/introduction\/","title":{"rendered":"Introduction"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"112\" class=\"elementor elementor-112\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-321f9c25 elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-id=\"321f9c25\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7cc51567\" data-id=\"7cc51567\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7c45d5d1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7c45d5d1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2f7e274e\" data-id=\"2f7e274e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-39a9c95c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"39a9c95c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Basics of absorption technology<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-740add0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"740add0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3f8064e5\" data-id=\"3f8064e5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-38d001b8 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"38d001b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7b20b2f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7b20b2f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Unlike electrically operated compression chillers, absorption chillers use heat to drive the cooling process. This heat is usually provided through hot water, steam or hot flue gas. If these heat sources are not available, absorption chillers are usually operated with natural gas as direct heat source.<\/p><p>All system variants can be used both as heat pump and as chiller, allowing the same unit to provide refrigeration in summer and heat in winter.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5f70f2be elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5f70f2be\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-33fc6dd2\" data-id=\"33fc6dd2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3097b1ed elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"3097b1ed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-2cf02841 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2cf02841\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-24e6a571\" data-id=\"24e6a571\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;motion_fx_motion_fx_scrolling&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;motion_fx_devices&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;mobile&quot;]}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5558ac3d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5558ac3d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Historical development<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-10f25656\" data-id=\"10f25656\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f1fe815 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4f1fe815\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The foundations of absorption technology were already laid in the 18th century, but from the middle of the 20th century onwards, it played only a minor role in industrial\u00a0 engineering. Today\u2019s focus on energy efficiency is now leading to a rediscovery of this concept.<\/p><p>The use of pure water as a refrigerant and lithium bromide salt as absorbent has become the commercially accepted standard. Ammonia is used as refrigerant when output temperatures below 0\u00b0C are required.<\/p><p>China assumed the pioneering role in the commercial use of this technology. Before the turn of the millennium, the state had promoted the use of heat-powered chillers in order to relieve the load on the electricity grids. While only a few units below 100 kW have been realized in Europe since, China has commissioned about 100,000!<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4b97ca0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4b97ca0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a576414\" data-id=\"a576414\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cfc20a4 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"cfc20a4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-172f56f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"172f56f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-f1d4765\" data-id=\"f1d4765\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;motion_fx_motion_fx_scrolling&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;motion_fx_devices&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;mobile&quot;]}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-65b7c90 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"65b7c90\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Reliability<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-0e824f3\" data-id=\"0e824f3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ac7b06 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ac7b06\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>China has learned that exports in high-tech sector work only given the right production quality.<\/p><p>All relevant manufacturers in this sector are ISO 9001 certified and design and build their machines to comply with the relevant European standards (such as the Machinery Directive, the Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive and the Pressure Equipment Directive).<\/p><p>All leading manufacturers have already been operating plants in Europe for years. If you are interested in visiting a plant, please contact us by e-mail or phone +43 (0)316 318719.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6765287 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"6765287\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"\/contact\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Contact<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7dfc19ce elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7dfc19ce\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-542e56c5\" data-id=\"542e56c5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-132691ab elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"132691ab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-20e18025 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"20e18025\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-a30057a\" data-id=\"a30057a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3fe7199a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3fe7199a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Operating principle<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-52d1c4e5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"52d1c4e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In their simplest form, absorption systems consist of 4 chambers:<\/p><ul><li>Evaporator<\/li><li>Absorber<\/li><li>Generator<\/li><li>Condenser<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2262a74 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2262a74\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1003\" src=\"https:\/\/stepsahead.at\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/01\/Single-Stage-chiller.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-1818\" alt=\"Single-stage chiller\" srcset=\"https:\/\/stepsahead.at\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/01\/Single-Stage-chiller.jpg 2000w, https:\/\/stepsahead.at\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/01\/Single-Stage-chiller-300x150.jpg 300w, https:\/\/stepsahead.at\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/01\/Single-Stage-chiller-1024x514.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/stepsahead.at\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/01\/Single-Stage-chiller-768x385.jpg 768w, https:\/\/stepsahead.at\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/01\/Single-Stage-chiller-1536x770.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-edc8b43 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"edc8b43\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Evaporator and absorber<\/h3><ul><li>To be able to absorb heat at a low temperature level, water is evaporated at low pressure in the <strong>evaporator<\/strong>.<\/li><li>The resulting water vapour is absorbed by a concentrated LiBr salt solution in the <strong>absorber<\/strong>. In this process, the previously absorbed heat is released again at a higher temperature.<\/li><li>A pump brings the now diluted salt solution to the <strong>generator<\/strong>.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ca4029d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ca4029d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Generator and condenser<\/h3><ul><li>In the generator, water from the diluted salt solution is evaporated at higher pressure (below 1 bar absolute) by the driving heat. The salt solution therefore becomes more concentrated and can be reused in the absorber.<\/li><li>In the condenser, the generated steam is condensed on a heat exchanger, making it available again as water for the evaporator.<\/li><\/ul><p>The heat released in the <strong>absorber<\/strong> and <strong>condenser<\/strong> is absorbed by heat exchangers and transferred to the cooling tower in the case of chillers or to the heating system in the case of heat pumps.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-834ec31 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"834ec31\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Environmental assessment and operating materials<\/h3><p>The operating materials used are water and lithium bromide salt. The units therefore use neither ozone-depleting substances nor greenhouse gases.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Basics of absorption technology Unlike electrically operated compression chillers, absorption chillers use heat to drive the cooling process. This heat is usually provided through hot water, steam or hot flue gas. If these heat sources are not available, absorption chillers are usually operated with natural gas as direct heat source. All system variants can be &#8230; <a title=\"Introduction\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/stepsahead.at\/en\/introduction\/\" aria-label=\"More on Introduction\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":40,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"generate_page_header":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-112","page","type-page","status-publish"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Introduction - STEPSAHEAD<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/stepsahead.at\/en\/introduction\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Introduction - STEPSAHEAD\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Basics of absorption technology Unlike electrically operated compression chillers, absorption chillers use heat to drive the cooling process. This heat is usually provided through hot water, steam or hot flue gas. If these heat sources are not available, absorption chillers are usually operated with natural gas as direct heat source. All system variants can be ... 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